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X
LITERARY AND BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY,
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
ENGLISH CATHOLICS.
IP
A
LITERARY AND BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY,
OR
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
or THE
ENGLISH CATHOLICS.
THE BREACH WITH ROME, IN 153 J^, TO THE PRESENT TIME.
" There is a history in all men's lives, Figuring the nature of the times deceas'd."
Shakespeare, Hen. IV., Part II. Act iii. Scene i.
JOSEPH GILLOW.
VOL. II.
BURNS & GATES.
LONDON: GRANVILLE MANSIONS, 28 ORCHARD STREET, W.
NEW YORK:
CATHOLIC PUBLICATION
SOCIETY CO.
9 BARCLAY STREET.
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PREFACE.
In presenting this second volume to the public the Editor begs to acknowledge verywarmly the favourable reception extended to its predecessor, and to return his thanks for the many useful criticisms which have been passed upon it. Certain defects in the system, pointed out in these criticisms, had already been amended in the present volume. Amongst them the reader will not fail to observe a difference in the use of the antique type, and in the mode of dealing with the lives. In order to facilitate reference, a series of catch-letters has been introduced at the head of each page. In the bibliographical parts the distinction between works by persons under notice and those merely relating to them is more clearly marked ; and the biographies have been treated more carefully and at greater length. Some of them, with their several bibliographical addenda, will be found to extend to as much as nineteen pages, as in the case of Bishop Gardiner and of the poet Dryden. In many instances opportunity has been taken to introduce the histories of missions, schools, colleges, and miscellaneous Catholic institutions, and frequently subsidiary memoirs are given which do not strictly come within the general limits laid down for the work. It may be mentioned that in the first volume, comprising the letters A to C, there are nearly six hundred biographical and two thousand bibliographical notices. In the present volume there are about three hundred and thirty of the former and seventeen hundred of the latter. These
VI PREFACE.
figures are exclusive of subsidiary memoirs and the record of later editions, though they include, of course, all distinct works mentioned in connection with the bibliography.
The literary history of the English Catholics was the original idea of the work, but this would have been very imperfectly rendered without the biographies. The lives of eminent and even of obscure men not un frequently throw considerable light on the great controversies, and without them the mere descrip- tion of a work could give no true idea of its purport. This is notably the case in regard to controversies within the Catholic body, whether arising from political intrigue aiming at the disorganization of an oppressed party, or occasioned by differ- ence of opinion on questions of ecclesiastical discipline and
doctrine.
There is always difficulty in making a just and clear state- ment of the question in dispute, particularly in a work in which it is imperative to be brief and concise. Still, in the opinion of the writer, it is better not to appear to hide the fact that such disputes have arisen, but rather to approach them with frankness and impartiality. It has been the writer's endeavour to show no party feeling in these contests, to suppress nothing, and to confine himself as far as possible to the plain statement of facts, with criticisms drawn from the most reliable authori- ties on each side. If quotations of an aggressive nature are occasionally introduced, the motive for their insertion has been to make clearly understood the animus of the contending parties, and the bearing of many actions which would be unin- telligible without something to explain and account for them. In this way a truer appreciation of writers may be obtained, and the reaCder enabled to judge for himself of the value of authorities, which are always quoted when a statement is advanced.
In a work of this nature, depending as it does on the writer's
PKEFACE. viJ
unassisted labours, there must necessarily be many omissions.
The anonymous authors are innumerable, and many of them
have not been identified. There are others of whom nothing
has been handed down but the name, and many without doubt
have escaped the notice of the compiler. Much assistance
might be rendered by those in possession of information that
would supply these deficiencies by their kindly placing it at
the disposal of the Editor. They would thereby earn his
gratitude, and greatly increase the value of the work as a book
of reference.
J. G.
BowDON, Cheshire, Nov. I, 188;.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
p. 4, Dalgairns, J.D., No. 2, line z,for were read was.
„ No. -i, line i„for they display read it displays.
P. 153, EcCLES, James, line g,for 1842 read 1849.
P. 164, Ellis, P. M., omii No. 8 and znseri No. 9 in its place.
P. 205, Eyston, Charles. To the bibliography may be added : " A Treatise on the Pretended Divorce between Hen. VIII. and Catharine of Arragon. By Nicholas Harpsfield, LL.D., Archdeacon of Canterbury. Now first printed from a collation of four MSS. By Nicholas Pocock, M.A., late Michel Fellow of Queen's Coll., Oxford." Camden Society, 1878, 4to., pp. ix-344, which is mainly taken from Mr. Eyston's transcript, "A Treatise of Marryage Occasioned by the pretended Divorce of King Henry the Eighth from Queen Catherine of Arragon, divided into three Bookes, written by the Rev. and learned Nicholas Harpsfield, LL.D., the last Catholic Arch- deacon of Canterbury. It is a copy of a Manuscript whose Original! was taken by one Tapliffe, a Pursuivant, out of the house of William Cartor, a Catholicke Printer, in Queen Elizabeth's dayes, and came to the hands of Charles Eyston, by the favour of Mr. Francis Hildesly, R. S.J. in Com. Oxon. Transcribed by William Eyston, Anno Dni. 1707."
The MS. has a dedication to Charles Eyston by his father, Charles Eyston, dated East Hundred, Jan. 19, 1706-7.
P. 207, Eyston, Bernard Francis. No. i. " Discourses Explanatory and Moral on the Creed, Theological Virtues, Ten Commandments, and Seven Sacraments Very useful for Pastors, Missioners, and Masters of Families. By the Rev. F. Bernard Francis, of the Order of St. Francis," Dublin, 1799, 8vo.
P. 223, Falkland, Elizabeth, Lady. Owing to the rapidity with which this volume has been written, day by clay as the work proceeded in the press, com- mencing some few weeks after its predecessor was published, the following notice has been omitted in its proper place.
Born in 1 585, Lady Falkland was the only child of Sir Lawrence Tanfield, of Burford Priory, in Oxfordshire, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer. From earliest childhood she was passionately devoted to study. At four years of age she could not only read but delighted in it, and whilst still a child she taught herself French, Spanish, and Italian. She also acquired a thorough knowledge of Latin in her youth, and translated some of Seneca's Epistles, but from want of practice she became less familiar with it in after-life, so that when a few months before her death she began to translate the works of Blosius into English, she found herself obliged to consult a Spanish version. The same thing happened to her with Hebrew, which at one time she understood perfectly. Even after this had ceased to be the case, she could read the Scriptures, with which she was intimately acquainted, in that language. So great was her faculty in acquiring this sort of knowledge, that she learnt Transylvanian from a native of that country, though she soon entirely lost this accomplishment through never having occasion to speak it. It is wonderful to think of the amount of study this young girl must have gone through, and of the persevering application which enabled her to master so many languages at an early age.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
At the age of fifteen, Elizabeth Tanfield was, in the language of that epoch, disposed of in marriage by her parents, and bestowed on Sir Henry Gary, of Aldenham and Berkhampstead, co. Herts, who was at that time Master of the Jewel House of Queen Elizabeth. It is said that he married the Chief Baron's daughter simply because she was an heiress. After this marriage Sir Henry departed on State business to (Holland. In 1618 he became Comptroller of the Royal Household of James I. In 1620 he was raised to the Scotch peerage with the title of Viscount Falkland, and two years later, was appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland. In Aug. 1622, Lady Falkland accompanied her husband to Ireland, whence she returned to England in 1625.
It was soon after this event that Lady Falkland became a Catholic. Her conversion gave great displeasure to the King, and by his Majesty's order she was confined in her house during his pleasure. For six weeks she was thus a prisoner in her rooms, her household being wholly Protestant, and no Catholic venturing to come near her. Dr. Cozens, one of the King's chaplains, was sent to her, but was unable to make any impression on her 1 faith. After this she was treated with great harshness, and an attempt was made by her husband to starve her into submission, but after some time she was set at liberty. Lord Falkland would allow her nothing, and she was obliged to live on the charity of her friends, both Catholic and Pro- testant ; her mother turned her out of her house in London, where she had lived since lier return from Ireland ; and both her husband and mother bitterly reproached her for her change of religion, and told her that her misfortunes were owing to herself, and that she deserved all she suffered.
In order to trespass as little as possible on the generosity of her friends, she took a dilapidated cottage on the banks of the Thames, in a small town situated ten miles from London, and there lived with a devoted Catholic maid-servant. After this she retired to lodgings in London, where she was left in a state of almost absolute destitution. At length the Council, in 1628, ordered that she sliould reside at Cote in Oxtordshire, with an allowance of ;^5oo a year from the estate of her husband.
In her solitude and poverty Lady Falkland resumed those literary pursuits which were so congenial to her tastes. The late King James I. had written an answer to one of Cardinal Perron's controversial works, which drew from his Eminence an able rejoinder. It was the anxious desire of English Catholics to possess this reply in their own language, and Lady Falkland had already begun to translate the writings of that great French Divine when her attention was drawn to the volume in question. She at once set about what was to her a ^elightiul labour, and in thirty days she completed her task. Her enthusiastic friends and admirers celebrated this featin lauda- tory poems, but the work was doomed to merciless suppression at the hands of Dr. Abbot, the bigoted Archbishop of Canterbury, who seized the edition, which was printed in the Low Countries, on its entrance into England. He made a bonfire of it, and thus only a few copies reached " the translatresse of our Cardinal." The work was dedicated by her to Queen Henrietta Maria. Later on Lady Falkland translated the whole of Cardinal Perron's coritroversial writings, but probably deterred by the fate of her first publi- cation, she did not get her work printed. This was during her residence in the ruined cottage on the banks of the Thames, and about the same time she wrote the lives of St. Mary Magdalen, St. Agnes the Martyr, and St. Elizabeth of Portugal. The latter was the name she took in Confirmation by the Bishop of Chalcedon, probably about 1630, when information was supplied to the Council that " Bishop Smith of Chalcedon lived in the French Ambassador's house, in the chamber over Lady Falkland's, besides divers Jesuits more."
In 1629 Lady Falkland, accompanied by Fr. Everard Diinstan, made a pilgrimage to St. Winefrid's Well, together with fourteen or fifteen hundred lay persons, including Lord William Howard, the Earl of Shrews- bury, Sir William Norris of Speke, and Sir Cuthbert Clifton, of Lytham, besides about one hundred and fifty priests, who all met there on the Feast of the Saint, Nov. 3, 1629.
In May, 1630, Lord Falkland was recalled from Dublin. His wife's con-
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. XI
version had not sweetened his temper towards the Irish Catholics, and the ministers of Charles I. had often warned him of "apprehension of danger if any reformation in religion should be attempted there." At last his rule became unbearable, and his friends stated that " by the clamour of the Irish and the prevailing power of his Popish enemies, he was removed in disgrace." He would not see his wife on his return, and Lady Falkland was again reduced to such extremities that she addressed the Lords of the Privy Council for performance of the orders already made for her relief. The Queen now undertook to mediate, and her interposition proved effectual in ' bringing about a complete reconciliation between Lady Falkland and her husband. Between this time and his death in 1633, a marvellous change took place in Lord Falkland's religious convictions, and it is believed that he died a Catholic.
Shortly after their father's death the Misses Cary, who had hitherto been very bigoted, joined the Catholic Church, though their mother had previously known nothing of their conversion. It was at this time tliat tlie notorious William Chillingworth played a very disreputable and treacherous part in trying to deter them from the step they were contem- plating. He was shortly afterwards appointed tutor to their younger brothers, Patrick and Henry Cary, by their elder brother, Lucius Cary, Viscount Falkland. At length Lady Falkland succeeded in getting her two little sons out of Chillingworth' s hands, who was acting the spy, and reporting all he could gather to Lord Falkland. The boys escaped from Few, where they had been placed by their brother. For this Lady Falk- land was brought before the Council, whom she informed that she had previously warned Lord Falkland that unless he would remove them from Chillingworth's care she wou'd act as she had done. After examination the Council referred her to Lord Chief Justice Bramston, with instructions that in case he was not satisfied with her statements she was to be com- mitted to the Tower. She was, however, dismissed by Lorfl Bramston, who treated her with kind consideration.
The boys were eventually placed in the English Benedictine College at Paris. Henry later became a Religious of that monastery, where he was professed in 1641, and assumed the name of Placid. He was Secretary to the President of the English Benedictine Congregation in 1649, and died Feb. 17, 1653.- The Hon. Patrick also became a Catholic, and at one time wished to be a priest. After leaving St. Edmund's Priory at Paris, he went to Rome. On Oct. 30, 1638, he is named in the Pilgrim-Book as dining in the English College at Rome in company with John Milton, the poet, Dr. HoUing of Lancashire, and Mr. Fortescue. He was a similar guest in June, 1643, with Dom John Wilfrid, O.S.B., and on Dec. 27, 1646, dined at the College vineyard with Richard Crashaw, the celebrated poet. The last time he is mentioned as dining at the College was on June 16, 1647, when Dom John Wilfrid, O.S.B., was again a guest, with his companion, Christopher Anderton, of Lancashire. He afterwards went to the Benedic- tine Monastery at Douay to make a trial of religious life, but was forced to give it up, " his constitution not being able to bear the kind of diet which the rules enjoined." After the Restoration, in 1660, he seems to have wished to enter the Spanish service. It was he who revised the MS. of his mother's life, written by one of his four sisters, to which he added some notes and comments of his own. He also wrote the verses which Sir Walter Scott published in a small quarto volume in 1819, entitled, "Trivial Poems and Triolets, composed in Obedience to a Lady's Commands, by Patrick Carey, in Aug. 1651." At the end of the book is a collection of hymns, which show the author to have been a Catholic and a Cavalier.
After Lady Falkland had brought to a safe conclusion her two boys' removal to France, she found herself in another pressing difficulty. The plague broke out in London, and she was obliged to remove to a village near London for a period of six months. Shortly afterwards she was reconciled to her son. Lord Falkland, who settled her in a more convenient and better house, which she occupied three years, employing her time as usual in literary pursuits and charitable exertions. It was during this time that she completed her translation of Cardinal Perron's works. In 1637
xu ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
she returned to London, and there spent the two remaining years of her life. She died, about the time when the troubles of the great rebellion were commencing, in the month, of October, 1639, aged 54, and was buried by the Queen's permission in her Majesty's Chapel, the Capuchin Fathers performing the funeral service.
Six of Lady Falliland's children became Catholics — two sons and four daughters. Of the latter, Anne, the eldest, bom in 1615, was professed at the Benedictine Abbey of Our Lady of Consolation at Cambray in 1640. The records of the convent show that her name in religion was Clementia, and not Clementina, as slated by Lady Fullerton and Fr. Snow (" Bened. Necrology "). In her memoir, in the first volume of this work, it is said, on the authority of the Hon. Edw. Petre, that she went to Paris in 1651 "for the cure of a disorder." This is incorrect ; the recoids of the convent distinctly state that she went in obedience to the orders of Dom Placid Gascoigne, President of the Eng. Bened. Congregation, and for the purpose of instituting a filiation from the Mother House at Cambray. She was accompanied in her journey by her sister. Dame Mary of St. Winefrid Cary, and a lay-sister named Scholastica Hodson, and the party were con- ducted by the celebrated historian, Dom Serenus Cressy, O. S.B. They arrived at Paris in Nov. 165 1, and lodged with the English Augustinian nuns in the Fosse St. Victor. From thence Dame Clementia addressed herself to the Queen Mother, Henrietta Maria, appealing for assistance. Dame Clementia died in 1671. Dame Elizabeth Augustina Cary, the second daughter, born in 1617, was also professed at Cambray in 1640, where she died, Nov. 17, t682. The third daughter, Dame Lucy Magdalen Cary, born in 1619, professed at Cambray in 1640, died there, Nov. i, 1650 ; and the fourth daughter. Dame Mary of St. Winefrid Cary, born in 1 621, pro- fessed at Cambray in 1640, accompanied her sister to Paris in 1651, but returned to Cambray, where she died, Sept. 22, 1693. Their eldest brother, the celebrated Lucius, Viscount Falkland, never became a Catholic, He fell in the first battle of Newbury, Sept. 20, 1643, aged 34.
Fullerton, Life of Lady Falkland; Snow, Bened, Necrology ; Foley, Records S.J. vol. vi. ; Oliver, Collections, p. 142.
I. The Reply of the most illustrious Cardinal of Perron to the answeare of the most Excellent King of Great Britaine .... Translated into English by Elizabeth, Viscountess Falkland. 1630, fol.
A copy of this suppressed work is in the British Museum. Her en- thusiastic friend, Mr. Clayton, celebrated her feat in the following poem : " In laudem nobilissimEe Heroinse quje has Eminentissimi Cardinalis dispu- tationes Anglire reddidit ; —
One woman, in a month, so large a book
In such a full emphatic style to turn,
Isn't it all one, as when a spacious brook,
Flows in a moment from a little burn ? " '
The lines of Dom Leander Jones, O. S. B., are still more laudatory, both of the writer to whom they were addressed and of learned ladies in general. His poem is signed F.L.D.S.M., and commences —
" Believe me, readers, they are much deluded Who think that learning's not for ladies fit. For wisdom with your sex as well doth suit As orient pearle, in golden chase included."
Another anonymous complimentary address, entitled AKOKttK, is equally flattering. In it occur the lines —
" But that a woman's hand alone should raise So vast a monument in thirty days. Breeds envie and amazement in our sex."
2
Her prose, however, is very superior to the poetry of her admirers. The Life of Tamerlane, in verse, by Lady Falkland.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. xiii
3. She translated the whole of Cardinal Perron's controversial works, which were never printed, probably owing to the fate which attended her fii-st publication. She also translated the works of Louis de Blois, and many other French divines, and wrote innumerable slight pieces in verse.
4. An Essay which she wrote was considered the best thing she ever penned. Shortly after herfriend, the Abbot Walter Montague's conversion, he published "A Treatise or Letter to the Lord Falkland," dated from Paris, Nov. 2r, 1631, containing the motives of his conversion, to wjrich Lucius Gary, Lord Falkland, repUed with " An Answer to Mr. Montague's Letter concerning the change of his Religion," Lond. 1635, 4to. Lady Falkland wrote a reply in which she noticed her son's charge that Catholics caused divisions in families by the conversions they procured. Lord Falkland acknowledged that her reply was a sufficient answer to his arguments, though not satisfactory to him, and that it was certainly enough clearly to confute a Protestant. ' For himself to answer it, it would be necessary to go further and deny more (of the dogmas of Christianity it may be presumed) than he had ali-eady done.
4. The Lives of St. Mary Magdalen, St. Agnes the Martyr, and St. Elizabeth of Portugal, in verse.
5. " The Lady Falkland ; her life. From a MS. in the Imperial Archives at Lille. Also a Memoir of Fr. F. Slingsby. From MSS. in the Royal Library, Brussels." Lond. 1861, 8vo., by Richard Simpson, B.A., of Clapham, Esq.
The original was written shortly after her death by one of her four daughters, all of whom became Benedictine nuns at the Convent at Cambray, in whose archives it was discovered some years ago. It displays con- siderable shrewdness and a certain amount of force and ability, but the language is very much involved. It was probably the work , of Dame dementia Gary, Lady Falkland's eldest daughter. Her brother, the Hon. Patrick Gary, revised the MS., and added some notes and comments of his own. To this memoir Mr. Simpson attached ample appendices, and from his publication Lady Georgiana FuUerton principally drew the materials for her biography, entitled " The Life of Elizabeth Lady Falkland, 1585-1639." Lond. 1883, sm. 8vo., pp. xv-269, vol. xliii.. Quarterly Series.
P. 270. Fisher, Ralph, priest, a native of Yorkshire, was educated at Douay College, where he was ordained priest in 1596, having matriculated at the University of Douay in 1596. After his ordination he was sent to the mission in England. Fr. Grene, S.J., mentions a Ralph Fisher being apprehended in Mr. Grimston's house, Nov. 22, 1593, carried to York, and committed to prison two days later for not going to church. At the following Lent Assizes, 1594, Fr. Richard Holtby says that Ralph Grimston was convicted of harbouring and receiving seminary priests. It is possible that this Ralph Fisher afterwards proceeded to Douay, and is identical with the subject of this notice. He wrote, says Dr. Challoner, the " Relation of the Martyrdom of Robert Bickerdike, gent.. Executed at York in 1586," MS.
Douay Diaries; Challoner, Memoirs, vol. i. ; Foley, Records S./., vol. iii., p. 761 ; Morris, Troubles, Third Series.
P. 313, FORMBY, Henry, Rev. Add to the bibliography, "A Voice from the Grave : being the Funeral Discourse preached on the occasion of the burial of the Rev. George Montgomery, Deceased, 7th of Mar. 187 1, in the 54th year, at his Mission of Wednesbury, in the Diocese of Birmingham. By the Rev. H. Formby. R.I.P." Lond., Burns, Oates & Go. (1871), 8vo., pp. 16.
P. 313, Forrest, John, O. S. F. In Guddon's "Modern British Martyrology,'' edition 1836, pp. 99-109, is a lengthy account of Friar Forrest, with copies of several letters preserved in the Cotton Library. It appears that some tem- porizing friars of different convents were encouraged by Cromwell to create discontent, and to form accusations against their virtuous superiors. These letters show to what a degree of malice bad religions may be carried. Though some parts of them are not very intelligible, they clearly evince the attachment of Dr. Forrest to the cause of his royal mistress, and his zeal to preserve the rules and discipline of his convent against the encroachments of the profligate monarch.
xiv ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
The Editor of the ' ' British Martyrology " states that the image called Darvel Gatheren " was a rood or crucifix of large dimensions, which had been brought from South Wales, where it had been held in great respect. In EUis^ Original Letters is a copy of a letter in the Cotton Library addressed to Cromwell by Elis Price, giving an account of this rood, and desiring to be infoimed what he is to do with it. P. 315. The lines quoted were taken from Anthony Parkinson's " Collectanea Anglo- Minoritica." The "British Martyrology" says that various short pieces of rhyme were distributed about to excite a general prejudice against the resokite champion of the faith, in which Dr. Forrest was either ridiculed or openly abused. The following were the lines affixed to the gallows in large letters — " David Darwell Gatheren
As saith the Welchmen
Fetched outlawes out of hell.
Now is he come with spere and shilde
In harness to burne in Smithfelde,
For in "Wales he may not dwell,
And Forest the Friar
That obstinate Lyer
That wilfully shall be dead ;
In his contumacie
The Gospel doth deny
The King to be supreme head." The six last lines were fixed up at the various crossways in the city. P. 315, No. I, line \for at read et, and /or Maximi ?ra(/ Maximis.
There is a rough print of his execution in the British Martyrology.
P. 352, Gadbury, John. No. 22. From Gadbury's evidence in Mrs. Cellier's trial it would appear that he was not then a Catholic. His admission to the Church must have taken place immediately afterwards.
P. 356, Gage, George. James I. despatched him to Rome towards the close of 1621, in quality of Agent to the Papal Court, to solicit a dispensation for the marriage of the Prince of Wales with the Spanish Infanta. The King afterwards commissioned the Rev. John Bennett, the envoy of the clergy, to press the affair more immediately on the attention of the Pontiff. The Jesuits strove to retard the dispensation, and if possible to prevent the com- pletion of the match. The following extract from a letter of W. Farrar to Bennett, dated Oct. 5, 1622, throws some light on the importance of Mr. Gage's position : "Mr. Gage his employments are much talked of in England. They say the king and he spend whole hours, sometimes three or four, together, in private conference. He gives out he is presently to return in all post haste to Rome." Sir Toby Matthews is alluded to in the same letter. The opponents to the Spanish match in Rome had so far succeeded in producing an effect on the minds of Gregory and his advisers, as to introduce a clause intimating that before the marriage could be relieved from the operation of the canons, the English monarch must distinctly set forth the measures which he was prepared to adopt for the advancement of the Catholic religion within his dominions. With this ill-advised altera- tion in the articles of the dispensation. Gage left Rome, July 28, 1622. Three days later Bennett wrote to Bishop : " Mr. Gage parted hence, three days since, for England. He carrieth the conditions for the dispensation. He will endeavour to clear the Jesuits, I suppose, of the imputation of opposition to the match : but here that is so well known, that he shall wrong himself, if he go about it." Edward Bennett wrote to his brother John, Sept. 14, 1622: "Mr. George Gage is come, six weeks ago. At first, they gave out he came with the dispensation ; now, that he had only the copy of it, which having showed the king, he disliketh two points that his Holiness setteth down, for motives inducing him to dispense, viz. , the Catholic education of children hoped for ; 2°, toleration of religion to English Catholics, with some security for the same ; and that George Gage is to go to Rome about it." Gage was then despatched to Madrid, with letters to Digby, the ambassador, and thence proceeded by order to Rome,
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. XV
where he arrived about the 23rd Feb. 1623. Bishop wrote from Paris to Bennett, Nov. 15, 1622: "Since I sealed up my packet, Mr. Gage came to visit us, who M'as, at his first coming to the king, as he says, not much re.spected, because he brought, as a condition of the dispensation, some- thing that liked them not ; yet, afterwards, he was in credit, they meaning to use him for that purpose of mollifying the conditions. And whereas he was to have been sent straight to Rome, now he is to pass by Spain, and there to see the conclusion of the match, and to bring their help for our king with him." John Bennett next wrote from Rome to his brother Edward, March 6, 1623 : "Mr. Gage is come, some twelve days since, and the conditions of the match, in Spain agreed upon, are sent by a proper (express)." Under date Jan. 5, 1623, King James wrote to Gage at Rome, informing him that the conditions agreed upon at Madrid had been approved and ratified, and his Majesty ordered him, if the business were likely to succeed, to present the letters, of which he was the bearer, to the Pope and the Cardinals Ludovisio and Bandini. Gage obeyed the instructions, and before the end of April it was confidently announced by the envoy, that a favourable decision had been pronounced.
It is not necessary to proceed further with the negotiations for the Spanish match. From the commencement they lasted for near six years, and ulti- mately ended in a rupture, to the great loss of Catholic interests. Vide Tierney's " Dodd," vol. v. p. ll<), et seq. Prynne's " Hidden Works of Darkness,'' also throws light on Mr. Gage's agency.
P. 379, Gardiner, Stephen, Bishop, line 8. The more correct translation is ; " I have denied with Peter, I have gone out, but as yet I have not wept bitterly."
P. 466, Gilbert, N. A., wrote many poems and hymns, which, however, the writer has not met with in any collective form. Some were published by the Rev. Geo. Leo Haydock, and one of them, " The Marks of the True Church. A Song. By the late Rev. Mr. Gilbert, of Whitby," consisting of thirteen stanzas of eight lines, pp. 71-S, appeared in "A Letter to A Protestant Friend on the Holy Scriptures ; or, the Written Word of God. By Demetrius A. Gallitzin, Priest of the R. C. Church," Lend. W. E. Andrews, 1824, 8vo.
BIOGRAPHICAL AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL
DICTIONARY
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.
Dacre, Leonard, Lord, grandson and male representative of William, Lord Dacre of Gillsland, was seated at Harlesey, CO. York, when his youthful nephew, George, Lord Dacre, son of Thomas, Lord Dacre of Greystock, was unfortunately killed. May 17, 1569, through vaulting on a wooden horse which -fell upon him. Lord George was then in ward to Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, and his three sisters, co-heiresses to his vast estates, were married to the three sons of their guardian, the Duke of Norfolk.
In the following year, when the Catholic Earls of North- umberland and Westmoreland rose in defence of the ancient faith and the rights of conscience, Leonard Dacre, who was then at Court, hurriedly left, avowedly for the service of Elizabeth, but with the intention of joining the Earls. Their disorderly ilight from Hexham to Nawbrth convinced him that the cause was desperate. He hung upon their rear, made a number of prisoners, and obtained among his neighbours the praise of distinguished loyalty. The Council, however, was better acquainted as to his real character, and the Earl of Sussex received orders to secretly apprehend him on a charge of high treason. Aware of his danger, he determined to brave sirigle-handed the authority of his Sovereign ', and, at his call, three thousand English and Scottish borderers ranged themselves under the scollop-shells, the well-known banner of the Dacres. From Naworth Castle Lord Dacre sent a defiance to the Lord Hunsdon, the commander of the Royal army, who declined the combat, preferring to join the force under Lord Scrope at Carlisle. Dacre followed him four miles to the banks of the
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Chelt, where " hys footmen," says Lord Hunsdon, " gave the prowdyst charge upon my shott that I ever saw." But the valour of the borderers was no match for the steady discipline of a regular force. They were discomfited, Feb. 22, 157°' and left to their opponents a complete but not a bloodless victory.
Lord Dacre found an asylum, first in Scotland, and afterwards in Flanders, where he lived some time a pensioner to the King of Spain. He died at Brussels, Aug. 12, iS73, and was buried at St. Nicholas. His brother Edward then assumed the title, and was likewise in receipt of a pension from the King of Spain. In 1575 he was living in exile at Namur, and his name constantly appears in the Diary of Douay College, where he was hospitably entertained in 1580.
Lingard, Hist, of Eng., ed. 1849, vol. vi. pp. 218, 219; Dodd, Ch. Hist., vol. ii. ; Douay Diaries.
Dalby, Robert, priest and martyr, a native of the bishopric of Durham, was educated and ordained priest at Douay College in 1588, and coming on the mission was seized apparently on his arrival in the north. He was tried and condemned at York for no other cause than that he was a priest ordained by the authority of the See of Rome, and had returned to England and exercised his priestly functions for the benefit of the souls of his neighbours.
Dr. Champney, in his manuscript history of the reign of Elizabeth, gives a touching account of his execution with John Ann, another Douay priest. The Doctor was then in his twentieth year, and was an eyewitness of the martyrdom of these holy men.
They were drawn on hurdles, about a mile out of the city of York, to the place of execution. Mr. Ann was the first to suffer, declaring to the assembled people that the cause of their death was not treason, but religion. He was hanged, then dismembered and bowelled, his bowels cast into the fire prepared for the purpose, his head cut off, and the trunk of his body quartered. During all this horrible process Mr. Dalby stood by, rapt in prayer, awaiting to tread in the footsteps of his companion. They suffered March \6, 1588—9.
A curious conversion resulting from these executions is
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related in an ancient document, edited by Fr. Morris, which adds to the interest of Challoner's narrative.
Challoner, Memoirs ; Morris, TroiMes, Third Series.
Dalgairns, John Dobree (in religion Bernard), M.A., Oratorian, born in the Island of Guernsey, Oct. 21, 1818, was the son of William Dalgairns, a gentleman of Scottish descent who had done gallant service as an officer of Fusiliers in the Peninsular War. His mother came of the old Norman family of Dobree of Guernsey.
At Exeter College, Oxford, he took a second class in Uteris humanioribiis in 1839, and while still a mere youth became conspicuous in the Catholicising party of the Anglican Church. His letter to the Paris^ Univers on Anglican Church parties attracted general attention, and subsequently joining Fr. New- man's band of disciples at Littlemore, in Sept. 1845, he was received into the Church about the same time with the great leader of so many of his friends. He then proceeded to France, and resided for some time at Langres, in the house of the celebrated ecclesiastic, the Abb^ Jovain, where he received Holy Orders in 1846. In the following year he rejoined Fr. Newman at Rome, where he resided at Santa Croce and learned the Oratorian Institute under Padre Rossi.
After a brief sojourn at Maryvale, and at St. Wilfrid's, Staffordshire, Fr. Dalgairns settled with the London Oratory in King William Street, Strand, in May, 1849, labouring with great zeal as a preacher and confessor. For three years, from Oct. 1853 to Oct. 1856, he stayed at the Birmingham Oratory, with the permission of his superiors, to assist that branch of the Congregation, but he resumed his London labours in the latter year. In 1863 he succeeded Fr. Faber as Superior of the Oratory, then removed to Brompton, an office which he held till 1865. In the latter 'year his health began to break down, though at intervals he still laboured hard in religious and philosophical literature.
During the last twelve months of his life he suffered a painful illness from paralysis of the brain, and at length died in the monastery of the Cistercians at Burgess Hill, near Brighton, April 6, 1 876, aged 57. He was buried in the private cemetery belonging to the Fathers of the Oratory at Sydenham.
Fr. Dalgairns was recognized as having filled a large
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and prominent place in the modem history of Catholicism in England. An earnest and eloquent exponent of Catholic theology, he was himself instrumental in receiving numbers of Protestants, into the Catholic fold ; and his valuable and elabo- rate treatises on Catholic subjects, more especially his beautiful work on " The Holy Communion," have gained him a lasting reputation.
The Tablet and Weekly Register, April 15, 1876; Cath. Ann. Reg., 1850.
1 . Catena Aurea. Commentary on the Four Gospels, &c., with the text, translated by M. Pattison, J. D. Dalgairns, &c. ; commenced in 1841. 8vo.
2. Lives of the English Saints. A large portion of the series under this title, edited by Dr. Newman whilst yet an Anglican, were written by Fr. Dalgairns, and the masterly acquaintance with mediaeval history which they display will long cause them to be appreciated. He was the author of the Lives of St. Stephen Harding, St. Helier, St. Gilbert, St. Aelred, &c. The first was translated into French, under the title, " Histoire de Saint Etienne Harding, fondateur de TOrdre de Citeaux, traduit de lAnglais par I'abbi! J. P. Tours," 1848, i2mo., forming part of the " Bibliothfeque des Ecoles Chr^tiennes."
3. The Devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus ; with an Intro- duction on the History of Jansenism. Lond., Derby (pr.), 1853, 8vo., pp. xii.-235 ; Lond., Derby (pr.), 1854, Svo. ; frequently reprinted.
4. The German Mystics of the Fourteenth Century. Lond., Derby (pr.), 1858, 8vo. Reprinted from the Dublin Review.
5. The Holy Communion, its Philosophy, Theology, and Prac- tice. Dublin, 1861, i2mo. ; frequently reprinted. This is an invaluable treasury of thought and of Church teaching on the Blessed Sacrament, and, with his " Devotion to the Sacred Heart," is a safe and able protest against the Jansenistic eri-ors for many years prevalent on the Continent on this solemn and interesting subject.
6. Lives of the Fathers of the Desert. Translated by E. F. B. With an Introduction on the Spiritual Life of the first Six Cen- turies, by J. B. D. Lond., Derby (pr.), 1867, 8yo. From the German of Ida Maria Luise Sophie Frederica Gustave, Countess Hahn-Hahn.
7. The Life of S. Thomas a Becket. By Mrs. Hope. With a Preface by Fr. D. Lond., Edinb. (pr.), (1868). Svo.
8. The Scale of Perfection. Written by Walter Hilton. With an Essay on the Spiritual Life of Mediaeval England. By the Eev. J. B. D. Lond. 1870, sm. Svo. A reprint from Fr. Cressy's edition of 1659, pp. 296, preceded by a Memoir of Hilton from Pitts, i f., and essay, pp. xli.
9. Conversion of the Teutonic Baee. Conversion of the Franks and the English. By Mrs. Hope. Edited by J. B. D. Lond. 1872. Svo.
10. Sequel to the Conversion of the Teutonic Race. S. Boni-
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face and the Conversion of Germany. By Mrs. Hope. With a Preface by J. B. D. Lond. 1872. 8vo.
II. Letter to the Paris Univers on Anglican Church parties; many interesting articles in the British Critic on Dante, on the Jesuits, and on Vendean History ; several valuable articles in the Dublin Review and Con- tempormy Review, well known to a small, but choice and critical, class of readers, on the Personality of God, on the German Mystics of the Fourteenth Century, and kindred subjects. The publication in German of his " Gesam- melte historische Schriften," was begun at Mainz, 1865. 8vo.
Dalton, John, divine, was of Irish parentage, and passed the early years of his life at Coventry. When about twelve years of age he was sent to Sedgley Park School. Here he remained till his nineteenth year, when he was transferred, in 1830, to Oscott College, where he prosecuted his theological studies and was ordained priest.
After his ordination he was engaged in the missions at Northampton, Norwich, and Lynn. At Northampton he was instrumental in establishing schools of considerable size ; in Norwich he attempted the like, but the Crown Bank failure prevented its perfect realization ; whilst in Lynn he more successfully undertook the erection of a church.
It was while at Lynn, in 1844, that he first made his appear- ance in print. After the elevation of Northampton into an episcopal See, he was elected a member of the chapter, and resided for many years at the Bishop's house, Northampton.
In 1858, and the following year, he resided for a time at St. Alban's College, Valladolid. After his return from