IS :6506- 1968

Indian Standard

( Reaffirmed 2003 )

GLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING TO BUILDING LIME ( First Revision 1

UDC 001'4 : 691'51

.. @I Copyright 1988

1
BUREAU
MANAK

OF
BHAVAN,

INDIAN

STANDARDS
ZAFAR MARG

9 BAHADUR SHAH NEW DELHI llOOO2

Gr2

Septembu

1988

IS : 6508 - 1988
.-,

'hdian Standard
GLOSSARY OF TERM-S RELATING TO BUILDING LIME
,

( First Revision )
1

0. ~FOREWORD
Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on -9 May 1988, after the draft finalized by the Building Lime and Lime Eroducts Sectional Committee had been approved' by they Civil Engineering Divi4 sion Council. . 0.2 A series of Indian ' Standards on lime and lime based products for construction purposes have been prepared and the&standards include a large number of technical terms. Besides, there are a number of common terms relating to this field
I `.I'. . , `1, i> 0.1 This

which are frequently used. This glossary hastherefore, been prepared so as to compile defini, tions of all such terms in one standard which would be handy for day-to-day use. 0.3 This standard was first published in 1972. This present revision has been taken up with a view to modifying some of the existing terms to -give them precise meaning and including some additional terms which are being used in connection with the subject.

1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard covers definition of terms relating to manufacturing, testing and use of lime for constructional ~purposes. *

2.6 Burning - The overheating of lime particles due to inadequate addition of water during. slaking.

2.7 Calcia -

Chemical name of CaO.

2. DEFINITIONS

'

2.8 Cal&nation Zone - The portion of the kiln in the middle section where the limestone gets
calcined . 2.9 Carbide Lime - This is essentially calcium hydroxide obtained as an industrial waste in the production of acetylene from calcium carbide. It may occur as a wet sludge.

2.1 Air-Slaked Lime - The<product containing various proportions of the oxides, hydroxides and carbonates of calcium and' magnesium which result from the excessive exposure of quicklime to . the atmosphere. : 1 i, r __ 2.2 Autoclaved ihe - It is a specially hydrated dolomitic lime; `largely utilized for structural purposes, that has been pressure hydrated in an autoclave. 2.3 Autogenous Healing in Lime Mortars It is a phenomenon occurring in lime mortars due to formation of calcium carbonate by absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide by hydrated lime, resulting in the bridging of minor cracks and/or the air space6 at the joints in the masonry. _ 2.4 Available Lime - It represents the total lime in quick and hydrated form which enters into a desired reaction under specified reaction conditions. 2.5 Building Lime - A lime whose chemical and physical characteristics and methods of processing make it suitable for construction purposes, also known as `construction lime'. 1

2.10 Charge - Limestone, limeshell and other calcareous materials (and fuel in case of mixed feed kiln ) fed into the kiln. 2.11 Compaction in Lime Mortar - It is the volume change that occurs when water is drawn from the mortar by -placing a porous building. material. It occurs before hardening, that is during stiffening of mortar. 2.12 Composite Mortar - A mortar in which cement is included as an ingredient in addition to lime. 2.13 Construction Lime - See 2.5.
2.14 Cooling Zone -

The bottom portion of the kiln where the burnt lime is cooled by the incoming air required for combustion of the fuel. 2.15 Core - The central unburnt portion of the calcined lump lime.

!S:6508 -1988
9.16 Dead Burnt Lime - Quicklime burnt under conditions where it becomes predominantly non-reactive. This is also known as `hard-burnt lime' or `over-burnt lime' ( see 2.22 and 2.53 ). 2.32 Lime-Cement-Cinder-Hollow Blocks -

2.17 Drowning - The inc6mpiete @id retarded slaking of slow-slating lime due `to excessive addition of water. This occurs dtie to formation of an impervious layer of hydrate on the surface of the lime pebble and due to rapid loss of temperature before the quicklime particles rupture. 2.18 Eminently Hydraulic Lime - Lime in which the constituents like silica, alumina and iron oxide are present as calcium compounds capable of reacting with water and giving rise to strength giving compounds. This has the property `of setting and hardening under w.ater ( see 2.25 ).
3

The hollow blocks made frorr, lime, ordinary Portland cement or Portland slag cement and cinder, which are used in the construction of walls. 2.33. Lime-Cement-Cinder-Solid Blocks The solid blocks made from lime, ordinary Portland cement or Portland slag cement and cinder, which are`uied in the construction of walls. 2.34 Lime kortar - A mixture of lime, fine aggregate and water with or without addition of admixtures. 2.35 Lime-Cement Mortar - A mixture consisting of lime, cement, sand and water in suitable proportions. .; j * 2.36 Lime-Pozzolana Mix,ture - A mixturi manufactured eithet by: idteririnding lime and pozzolana in suitable pioportions in a ball or tube mill, or by blending these two ingredients in the form of powder .qf requirqq @ncness adopting suitable measures for, obtaking~ a uniform mixture of the required.proportions. , 2.37 Lime-Pozkoi&a, Mix-t&e Mor_tar - A mixture consisting of lime-poizolana mixture; sand and-water in suitable proportions. 2.38 Lime Pozzolana Mortar - A mortar consisting of lime, pozzolana, sand and water in suitable proportions:, , !
. ,

2.19 Exit Gas - The mixture of hot gases exhausted from the kiln consisting chiefly of carbon .dioxide, water vipour, .nitrogen, oxygen and a small percentage of carbon mondxide. 2.20 Fat Lime - It connotes a pure non-hydraulic lime containing a minimum of 79 percent CaO on ignited basis. 2.21 Finishing Lime - It is a type of refined hydrated lime suitable for plastering, particularly the finishing coat. 2.22 Hard-Burnt
Lime See 2.16 and 2.53.

2.23 Hydrated Lime - A dry powder obtained by treating quicklime with water enough to satisfy its chemical affinity for water-under the condition of its hydration. 2.24 Hydraulic
Linie 4 See .2.18 and 2.65. 2.25 Hydrated Hydraulic Lime - Lime od`tained by hydrating Clasd A, B and E limb, and .containing all the hydraulic components, that is, lime combined with silica, alumina and iron as hydroxide.

2.39 Lime-Pozzolaua

Mixture Concrete - A mixture, mixture consisting of lim&*zz&lana fine aggre- gate, coarse aggregate and water in ' ": L suitable proportions.

\

2.40 Lime Concrete - ,A,mixtnre bf lime, fi& aggregate, coarse a&itgatt: and water ( with or without additives ) in stiit&le proportions. ` I _. 2.41 Lime Plaster - A mixture of lime and other materials applied in substantial thickness to surfaces to form +B pr,ote,ctiye ,wd/or decorative coating. ;J
2.42 Lime Putty - A plastic paste of hydrated lime and free \N@,er.I .) consisting

2.26 Kankar - The impure earthy hard lump consisting of concretions and `nodules of calcium carbonate. `2.27 `Kankar Lime nation of Kankar.
2.28 Kiln Dust -

Lime: obtained

by calci-

Dust drawn from the botto; of the kiln which, in a mixed-feed kiln, is. generally composed of coal ash, air"slaked lime and unslaked lime dust. 2.29 Kiln Shell - The outer wall which forms the structural enclqsure for the kiln. -2.30 Lime 7 It is a general term that connotes .only a burnt form df lime, usually quicklime, but tiay also refer to hydrated or hydraulic lime. :.?.31 Limestone - Rpcl< cqmposed nantly of calcium carbonate. , predomi2

2.43 Limd.!&rry - A &$ension of hydrated lime in considerable amount $`fiee water, with a consistency similar to cream. ,' '
Soil Stabilization .i The process in which lime is added to soil to.improve its engineering properties, that is, strength, durability, etc, commonly adopted. for road construction.

2.44 Lime

2.45 Lining - The refractory the inner face of the lime kiln.

layer placed

on

2.46 Lump Lime - It is a physical shape of quicklime not less than 63 mm in size ( see 2.59 ).

IS:65082.47 Maturing - The keeping of slaked lime until all particles of lime fatten up to lime putty. This is also sometime known as fattening.

1988

4

Ground, Screened

or Granular -

less than

6'3 mm, and all passing 850 micron ISSieve.

2.48 Magnesian and Dolomitic Lime - Lime obtained from magnesian and dolomitic limestones or dolostones which shall contain more than 6 percent magnesium oxide ( ignited basis ). 2.49 Masonry Kiln - A'kiln having its outer shell constructed of brick or stone masonry. 2.50 Milk of Lime - A suspension of lime in a large amount of water with a consistency similar to milk. The process of burning in wh.ich the solid fuel and the calcareous material are mixed before charging; or in which the charge is fed in alternate layers of fuel and calcareous material. 2.52 NEERU Finish - A type of finish in which a fine lime putty coat with or without `additives' is applied and rubbed and polished to a smooth and even finish. 2.53 Over-Burnt
2.54 Pebble Lime Lime See 2.22. 2.51 Mixed Feed -

4 Powdered - Substantially
2.60 RCC Kiln -

constructed

A kiln having its outer of reinforced cement concrete. Quicklime

shell as

2.61 Run-of-Kiln Quicklime drawn or discharged from a kiln.

2.62 Running - The pouring of the milk of lime through sieves into a maturing vessel. 2.63 Sand-Lime Bricks - Bricks manufactured -from a uniform mixture of siliceous sand or crushed siliceous rock and lime combined by the action of saturated steam under pressure. 2.64 Scaffolding - The formation of solid masses of overburnt limestone inside the kiln which, sticking to one another and to the lining of the kiln, tend to grow into an arch and thereby channelizing passage of air through the calcination zone. 2.65 Semi-hydraulic Lime - Lime containing small quantities of silica and aluminia ( with or without iron oxide ) which are in chemical combination with some of the calcium oxide content and therefore shows the property of setting and hardening under water. This is intermediate in composition between eminently hydraulic andfat limes. 2.66 Soft Burnt Lime - Chemically reactive quicklime obtained at relatively lowertemperature of calcination. It is characterized by high porosity and chemical reactivity. 2.67 Shell - The outer wall which forms the structural enclosure for the kiln. 2.68 Shell Lime - Lime obtained by the calcination of calcareous shells of organic origin. 2.69 Slaked Lime - Lime obtained of quicklime ( see 2.70 >.
2.70

It is a physical shape of qu.icklime less than 63 mm in size but not less than 6'3 mm ( see 2.59 ).

2.55 Plasticity - It is the spreadability of lime putty/mortar imparted by its capacity to retain water. 2.56 Popping and Pitting - A type of unsoundness caused by particles of unhydrated or incompletely hydrated lime which expand at some period subsequent to actual use. It manifests itself in the form of craters or blisters on plaster surfaces. 2.57 Preheating Zone - The top portion of the kiln where the incoming charge is preheated by the gases issuing from the calcination zone. 2.58 Quicklime - A calcined material, the major part of which is calcium oxide capable of slaking with water. This is also known as `unslaked lime'. Depending on the stone from which it has been derived, it may also be called high ,calcium, magnesian or dolomitic quicklime. 2.59 Quicklime-Sizes - Quicklime may be obtained in different sizes depending upon the type of limestone, kind of kiln used or treatments subsequent to calcining. The sizes commonly -recognized are as follows: a) Lump not less than 63 mm, less than 63 mm, 3

by slaking

Slaking - Slaking usually means addition of the requisite amount of water to quicklime so as to form dry slaked lime, putty or slurry.

2.71 Soundness - The freedom of lime putty or hydrated powder from unslaked or partly slaked particles of lime to the extent that the expansion in a prescribed test does not exceed the specified limits. 2.72 Steel-Shell Kiln - A kiln having its outer shell made of steel plate.

b) Pebble or Crushed -

IS : 6508 - 1983
2.73 Under-Burnt Lime - The quicklime which has not been calcined sufficiently and hence contains unaltered carbonates.

per unit mass of quicklime. 2.77 Water Retentivity - The ability of mortars to retain water against suction and evaporation, in general. It is indirectly a measure of the workability of mortars. It is measured by the flow of mortar when tested on a standard flow table before and after application of a specified suction. 2.78 White Wash - The combination of hydrated lime ( or slaked quicklime ), water and other materials to be used as a paint like cc stirgO

2.74 Unslaked

Lime

-

See 2.58.

2.75 Vertical Kiln - A kiln with a vertical shaft having a steel or masonry or reinforced cement concrete shell ( see 2.49, 2.60 and 2.72 ) on the outer side and brick lining in the interior.

2.76 Volume Yield of volume of putty of standard

Quicklime

consistency

The obtained

-

4

BUREAU -OF INDIAN
Headquarters:

STANDARDS

Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI Telephones: 3310131, 3311375

110002 Telegrams : Manaksanstha ( Common to all offices ) Telephone 3310131, 3311375 362499 21843, 31641 412442, 412519, 412916

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Offices:

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